This work studies how to locate and size temporary medical units to improve access to primary care in underserved French territories, known as medical deserts. The approach jointly optimizes where to place units, how many practitioners they should host, and how to assign territorial demand while respecting staff availability and budget limits. The objective is to minimize the maximum distance between populations and available temporary units.

A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to capture location decisions, staff allocation constraints, unit capacity, and budget feasibility. The study uses real data from Hauts-de-France (2022), building territorial graphs with OSMNx and testing multiple scenarios of demand and workforce availability. Ongoing experiments evaluate model behavior across eight real-world instances, with results to be presented.