ROADEF 2026>
A robust genetic algorithm for an open pickup-and-delivery problem with time windows and optional cross-docking
Ryan Belbachir  1@  , Walid Behiri  1@  , Sana Berraf-Belmokhtar  1@  , Laurent Bouillaut  1@  , Allou Samé  1@  
1 : Génie des Réseaux de Transport Terrestres et Informatique Avancée
Université Gustave Eiffel

This work addresses the optimization of the middle-mile segment in e-commerce logistics. The problem is modeled as an open vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery, time windows, multiple products, and an optional cross-docking operation, allowing direct, routing deliveries or consolidation via a cross-dock. Given the NP-hard nature of the problem, the MILP is unable to solve real size instances. Therefore, we propose a genetic algorithm (GA) integrating constructive heuristics and systematic parameter tuning using the Taguchi method, complemented by dynamic adjustment of crossover and mutation rates to balance exploration and exploitation with machine learning. The GA has been adapted to the closest problem PDPTW and evaluated on the Li & Lim benchmark, which demonstrates good performance.


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